Middle Ages · 157th pope in the Annuario Pontificio list
Gregory VII
Saint
- Pontificate
- 22/04/1073 – 25/05/1085
- Birth name
- Ildebrando di Soana
- Nationality
- Tuscany (Italy)
- Born – died
- 1020 – 1085
- Predecessor
- Alexander II
- Successor
- Victor III
Historical context
A struggle over who appoints bishops: the Church or rulers.
Important events
- Led the Gregorian reform against simony and for clerical celibacy
- Investiture controversy with Emperor Henry IV, who did penance at Canossa (1077)
- Died in exile in Salerno
List: Wikidata (CC0), ordinals per the Annuario Pontificio, retrieved 2026-10-01. Antipopes are not included. For the current pope, see vatican.va.